Ikime Cyumubyimba

Ikime ni ubushyuhe umwuka udahagije ugabanya ubushyuhe bwawo mugihe ugumya umuvuduko wigice cyumuyaga wamazi uhoraho (nukuvuga ko amazi yuzuye adahoraho) kugirango agere kubwuzuye.Iyo ubushyuhe bugabanutse kugera ku kime, ibitonyanga by'amazi byegeranye bizagwa mu kirere cyuzuye.Ikime cyumuyaga wumuyaga ntigifitanye isano nubushyuhe gusa, ahubwo kijyanye nubunini bwamazi yo mu kirere.Ikime ni kinini gifite amazi menshi, naho ikime kiri hasi hamwe n’amazi make.Ku bushyuhe bw’ikirere runaka, niko ubushyuhe bw’ikime bugenda bwiyongera, niko umuvuduko mwinshi w’umwuka w’amazi mu kirere cyinshi, kandi n’umwuka mwinshi w’amazi uri mu kirere cyuzuye.

Gupima ikime ahantu h'inganda ningirakamaro kugirango harebwe niba ibikoresho byoroshye bitangirika kwangirika kandi ubwiza bwibicuruzwa byarangiye bikabikwa.

Gupima ikime ni ngombwa mubikorwa bitandukanye kuko bitanga amakuru yingenzi kubijyanye nubushyuhe bwo mu kirere kandi bikadufasha kumva no kugenzura urwego rwubushuhe.Ikime ni ubushyuhe umwuka uba wuzuyemo imyuka y'amazi, bigatuma habaho ikime cyangwa koroha.

Dore zimwe mu mpamvu zituma gupima ikime ari ngombwa:

1. Iteganyagihe:Kumenya ikime, turashobora guhanura igihe kondegene izabera hejuru.Ihindagurika rishobora gutuma habaho gutonyanga amazi, bishobora gutera ibibazo nko gukura kw'ibumba, kwangirika, no kwangiza ibikoresho byoroshye.

2. Kugenzura Ubushuhe:Gusobanukirwa ikime kidufasha kugenzura neza ubushyuhe bwimbere mu nzu.Kugumana ubushuhe bukwiye ningirakamaro kugirango umuntu ahumurizwe, kuko ubuhehere bukabije cyangwa buto burashobora gutera ibibazo, ibibazo byubuzima, no kwangiza ibikoresho byubaka.

3. Iteganyagihe:Ikime ni ikintu cyingenzi mu iteganyagihe.Ifasha abahanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere kumva ubwinshi bw'amazi ari mu kirere, akaba ari ingenzi cyane mu guhanura ko imvura ishobora kugwa ndetse no kuba igihu kibaho.

4. Inzira zinganda:Mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda, kugenzura ubuhehere nibyingenzi mugucunga ubuziranenge no gukora neza.Gupima ikime bifasha abajenjeri kwemeza ko ibintu bikomeza kuba murwego rwifuzwa kugirango umusaruro ube mwiza kandi mwiza.

5. Sisitemu ya HVAC:Sisitemu yo gushyushya, guhumeka, no guhumeka (HVAC) ikoresha ibipimo by'ikime kugirango hamenyekane urugero rukwiye rwo gukonjesha cyangwa gutesha agaciro bikenewe kugirango inzu ibe nziza.

6. Gukoresha ingufu:Kumenya ikime gishobora gufasha gukoresha ingufu muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha wirinda gukonja cyane no gukoresha ingufu bitari ngombwa.

7. Gukurikirana Ibidukikije:Mu gukurikirana ibidukikije no mu bushakashatsi, gupima aho ikime ni ingenzi cyane mu gusobanukirwa ibirimo imyuka y’amazi mu kirere n'ingaruka zayo ku miterere y’ikirere, urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.

Muri rusange, gupima ikime gitanga ubushishozi bwurwego rwubushuhe, bigira ingaruka mubice bitandukanye byubuzima bwa buri munsi, ibikorwa byinganda, nibidukikije.Mugukurikirana ikime, turashobora gufata ingamba zikwiye kugirango ihumure ryabantu, twirinde kwangirika kwibikoresho nibikoresho, guhuza inzira, no gufata ibyemezo byuzuye dushingiye kumiterere yikirere.

Ijambo "ikime cy'ikime" na "igitutu cy'ikime" bifitanye isano n'ubushuhe buri mu kirere, ariko bivuga ku bitekerezo bitandukanye.Reka dusuzume itandukaniro riri hagati yabo:

1. Ikime Cyimeza:Ikime ni ubushyuhe umwuka uba wuzuyemo imyuka y'amazi, bigatuma habaho kondegene.Iyo ubushyuhe bwikirere bugabanutse kugera ku kime, umwuka uba ufite ubushyuhe ntarengwa bushobora kuri ubwo bushyuhe bwihariye, kandi ubukonje ubwo aribwo bwose buzatuma habaho ikime, igihu, cyangwa ubukonje.Ikime gikunze kugaragara muri dogere selisiyusi (° C) cyangwa Fahrenheit (° F).

Mu mibereho ya buri munsi, ikime cyerekana ubushyuhe butuma ikime kibaho hejuru, nkibyatsi mugitondo cyangwa idirishya mwijoro rikonje.Nibintu byingenzi byunvikana mugusobanukirwa no kugenzura urwego rwubushuhe, kuko byerekana urwego rwuzuye rwumuyaga.

2. Ingingo y'ikime cy'ingutu:Ikime cyumuvuduko nigitekerezo kijyanye na sisitemu yo mu kirere ifunitse, ikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda.Sisitemu zo mu kirere zifunitse zirimo guhagarika umwuka kumuvuduko mwinshi, biganisha ku kwiyongera kwubushyuhe bwikirere.Nyamara, ubuhehere buri mu kirere buguma buhoraho, bivuze ko ubushuhe bugereranije bugabanuka uko umwuka ugabanijwe.

Ikime cyumuvuduko ni ubushyuhe aho ubuhehere buri mwuka uhumeka buzatangira guhurira mumazi yamazi munsi yumuvuduko runaka.Nibintu byingenzi muburyo bwo guhumeka ikirere, kuko kondegene irashobora gutuma ibikoresho byangirika, kwangirika, hamwe nubwiza bwibicuruzwa mubikorwa byinganda zikoresha umwuka wihishe.

Muncamake, itandukaniro nyamukuru riri hagati y "ikime cyikime" n "" ikime cyikime "ni imiterere yabo nibisabwa.Ikime cyerekana ubushuhe umwuka uba wuzuyemo ubushuhe, bigatuma habaho ikime cyangwa kondegene mubihe bisanzwe byikirere.Ku rundi ruhande, ikime cyumuvuduko cyihariye kijyanye na sisitemu yo mu kirere ifunitse kandi igereranya ubushyuhe aho ubushuhe buzahurira mu mwuka ucyeye ku gitutu runaka.Ibyo bitekerezo byombi nibyingenzi mugusobanukirwa no gucunga urwego rwubushuhe muburyo butandukanye.

Ukurikije ubushyuhe buhoraho hamwe nu mwanya ufunzwe, aho ikime cyiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwumuvuduko, naho ikime kigabanuka nigabanuka ryumuvuduko (kugeza kumuvuduko wikirere), ibyo bikaba ari ingaruka yikime nigitutu.
Kubera ko ibipimo byose byikigereranyo cya metero yikigereranyo biva mubipimo byumuvuduko wamazi wamazi, gupima umuvuduko wa gaze yose ya sisitemu bizagira ingaruka kubushuhe bwapimwe.

Kumenya ikime cyumuyaga wafunzwe ningirakamaro kubwimpamvu nyinshi mubikorwa byinganda nubucuruzi bikoresha sisitemu yo mu kirere ifunze.Dore zimwe mu mpamvu zingenzi zituma ari ngombwa gukurikirana no kugenzura ikime cyumuyaga uhumeka:

1. Kurinda ibikoresho byangiritse:Niba umwuka wugarije urimo ubuhehere, urashobora kwegeranya no gukora amazi meza mugihe umwuka ukonje.Ibi birashobora gutuma amazi yegeranya muri sisitemu yo mu kirere yangiritse kandi bigatera kwangiza ibikoresho, nka compressor de air, ibikoresho bya pneumatike, hamwe na valve yo kugenzura.Amazi muri sisitemu arashobora kuganisha ku kwangirika, kugabanya imikorere, no kwambara imburagihe.

2. Kurinda ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa:Mu nganda aho umwuka ucanye uhura neza n’ibicuruzwa (urugero, ibiryo n'ibinyobwa, imiti), ubuhehere bwo mu kirere bushobora kwanduza ibicuruzwa.Kugumana ikime gito cyerekana ko umwuka wugarijwe ukomeza kuba wumye kandi usukuye, urinda ubuziranenge nubusugire bwibicuruzwa byanyuma.

3. Kwirinda ibibazo byumusaruro:Ubushuhe bwo mu kirere bwugarijwe burashobora gutera ingorane mubikorwa byo gukora, nko gutwikira bidakwiye, inenge zisize irangi, hamwe no gufatira hamwe kwivuza hejuru.Kugumana ikime gike bifasha kwirinda ibyo bibazo byumusaruro kandi bigatanga umusaruro uhoraho kandi wujuje ubuziranenge.

4. Kugabanya Isaha:Iyegeranya muri sisitemu yo mu kirere isunitswe irashobora gutuma uhagarikwa mu miyoboro, muyungurura, no mu bice bigize pneumatike.Ibi birashobora kuvamo imikorere mibi ya sisitemu nigihe cyo guteganya igihe cyo kubungabunga no gusana.Kugenzura ikime gitanga ingamba zifatika zifatwa, bikagabanya amahirwe yo gutinda no guhagarika umusaruro.

5. Kongera ingufu mu gukoresha ingufu:Umwuka wumye usaba imbaraga nke zo kwikuramo ugereranije numwuka mwiza.Mugukomeza ikime gito, sisitemu ya compressor ikora neza, igabanya ingufu zikoreshwa nigiciro cyo gukora.

6. Kwagura Ibikoresho Ubuzima:Kugabanya ubuhehere muri sisitemu yikirere ifunze bifasha kongera igihe cyibikoresho nibigize.Umwuka wumye ugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika no kwangirika, bikavamo ibikoresho birebire kandi byizewe.

7. Gukurikiza amahame yinganda:Inganda nyinshi zifite ubuziranenge n’amabwiriza ajyanye n’ubuziranenge bw’ikirere, harimo n’ibisabwa ikime.Kugenzura niba aya mahame ari ngombwa mu gucunga umutekano no kubahiriza amabwiriza.

Mu gusoza, kumenya no kugenzura ikime cyumuyaga wugarijwe ningirakamaro mugukomeza gukora neza, kwiringirwa, hamwe nubwiza bwimikorere yikirere.Mugukomeza ikime kiri hasi, inganda zirashobora gukumira ibyangiritse, kurinda ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, kwirinda ibibazo by’umusaruro, kugabanya igihe, kugabanya ingufu, no kubahiriza amahame n’inganda.

Iyo upimye ikime cyumuyaga wafunzwe hamwe na metero yikime, hari ibintu byinshi byingenzi nibitekerezo bigomba kwitabwaho kugirango harebwe ibipimo nyabyo kandi byizewe.Dore ingingo z'ingenzi ugomba kwitondera:

1. Calibration: Menya neza ko metero yerekana ikime ihindagurika buri gihe ukurikije amabwiriza yakozwe n'ababikora.Calibibasi isanzwe ningirakamaro kugirango igumane neza ibipimo.

2. Icyitegererezo: Hitamo icyerekezo gikwiye cyo gupima umwuka wafunzwe.Byaba byiza, icyitegererezo cyatanzwe kigomba kuba munsi yububiko bwibikoresho byumye cyangwa byungurura kugirango bifate ikime nyacyo cyumwuka uhumeka ukoreshwa.

3. Isuku: Menya neza ko icyitegererezo hamwe nigitereko icyo aricyo cyose gihuza isuku kandi idafite umwanda.Umwanda cyangwa amavuta ayo ari yo yose muri sisitemu y'icyitegererezo arashobora kugira ingaruka kubisomwa.

4. Umuvuduko no gutemba: Reba umuvuduko nigipimo cyumuyaga wafunzwe mugihe cyo gupima.Imetero imwe yikime irashobora gusaba igitutu cyihariye nibisohoka kugirango bisomwe neza.

5. Igihe cyo gusubiza: Reba igihe cyo gusubiza metero yikime.Ibihe byo gusubiza byihuse nibyingenzi muri sisitemu yingirakamaro, kuko bishobora gufasha gufata impinduka mumwanya wikime vuba.

6. Urwego rukora: Menya neza ko metero yikime ikwiranye nikigereranyo cyikime giteganijwe cyumuyaga wafunzwe.Imetero itandukanye yikime ifite intera ikora, kandi gukoresha metero irenze urugero bishobora kuvamo gusoma nabi.

7. Ubwoko bwa Sensor: Menya tekinoroji ya sensor ikoreshwa muri metero yikime.Ubwoko butandukanye bwa sensor, nkindorerwamo ikonje, capacitance, cyangwa infragre, bifite ibyiza byihariye kandi bigarukira.Hitamo sensor ikwiranye na progaramu hamwe nukuri gusabwa.

8. Ubushyuhe bwibidukikije: Ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bushobora kugira ingaruka ku gupima ikime.Menya neza ko metero yerekana ikime yishyura itandukaniro ryubushyuhe bwibidukikije, cyane cyane niba ibipimo byafashwe ahantu hatandukanye.

9. Kwandika no Kwandika: Nibiba ngombwa, koresha metero yikime ituma amakuru yinjira kandi yandika ibipimo.Iyi mikorere ni ingirakamaro mu gusesengura ibyerekezo no kugenzura ubuziranenge.

10. Gufata neza: Buri gihe ubungabunge kandi usukure metero yikime kugirango umenye imikorere myiza.Kurikiza amabwiriza yabakozwe kugirango abungabunge kandi abike.

Mugihe witondera ibyo bintu kandi ugafata ingamba zikwiye, urashobora kwemeza ko ibipimo byikime byikigereranyo cyumuyaga wafunitse hamwe na metero yikime cyukuri, gihamye, kandi gifite akamaro mukubungabunga imikorere nubuziranenge bwa sisitemu yo mu kirere ifunze.

Koresha metero yikime kugirango upime ikime cyumuvuduko wumwuka uhumeka.Ingingo y'icyitegererezo igomba gushyirwa mu muyoboro usohora wumye, kandi gaze y'icyitegererezo ntigomba kuba irimo ibitonyanga by'amazi.Hano hari amakosa mu kime cyapimwe kubindi bice by'icyitegererezo.

Kuma umuyaga wugarijwe ningirakamaro kugirango ukureho ubuhehere mu kirere kugirango wirinde kwangirika kw ibikoresho, kwemeza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, no kunoza imikorere rusange yimikorere yindege.Hariho uburyo bwinshi bukoreshwa mukumisha ikirere cyugarije, buri kimwe gikwiranye nibisabwa byihariye nibisabwa.Dore uburyo busanzwe bwo guhumeka ikirere:

1. Kuma ya firigo:Gukama firigo ni bumwe muburyo busanzwe kandi bwubukungu bwo guhumeka ikirere.Iyi nzira ikubiyemo gukonjesha umwuka wafunitse kugeza ku bushyuhe aho umwuka wamazi uhinduka muburyo bwamazi.Ubushuhe bwuzuye noneho butandukanijwe numwuka ukoresheje gutandukanya cyangwa umutego wamazi.Umwuka ukonje kandi wumye noneho urashyuha kugirango ugere aho ikime cyifuzwa mbere yuko yinjira muri sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza.

2. Kuma:Kuma desiccant yumisha ikoresha ibikoresho byitwa desiccant, bifite aho bihurira cyane nubushuhe.Umwuka ucanye unyura mu buriri bwa desiccant, aho ubuhehere bwamamazwa nuduce duto twa desiccant.Ubu buryo ni ingirakamaro mu kugera ku kime cyo hasi cyane, bigatuma gikoreshwa mubisabwa bisaba umwuka wumye cyane, nko mubikorwa bikomeye byinganda nibikoresho byoroshye.

Ibyuma byangiza birashobora gushyirwa mubice bibiri: a.Amashanyarazi yumushanyarazi: Yongera kubyara desiccant akoresheje igice cyumuyaga wumye, kandi umwuka wumye uhinduranya hagati yiminara ibiri yuzuye desiccant.b.Amashanyarazi ashyushye ashyushye: Ibi byuma bifashisha amasoko yubushyuhe bwo hanze nkubushyuhe bwamashanyarazi cyangwa ubushyuhe buva mumyuka ihumeka kugirango bisubirane desiccant, byemerera gukomeza gukora.

3. Kuma Membrane Kuma:Amashanyarazi yumye akoresha igice cya kabiri cyoroshye kugirango akureho umwuka wumuyaga uhumeka.Ibibyimba bituma molekile zamazi zinyuramo, mugihe umwuka wumye ugumye kurundi ruhande.Ubu buryo burakwiriye kugera ku kime giciriritse kandi gikoreshwa kenshi murwego ruto cyangwa mugihe gikenewe igisubizo gito.

4. Kuma Deliquescent Kuma:Kuma ya Deliquescent bikubiyemo gukoresha ibintu bya hygroscopique, nkumunyu, winjiza ubuhehere buturuka kumyuka ihumanye.Nkuko ibintu bikurura amazi, irashonga kandi ikora igisubizo cyamazi cyegeranijwe kandi kiva.Kuma ya Deliquescent ikoreshwa kenshi mugutwara cyangwa kugihe gito kandi biroroshye kandi birahendutse.

5. Membrane + Gukonjesha Hybrid Kuma:Sisitemu zimwe zateye imbere zo guhumeka ikirere zikoresha uruvange rwo gukama no gukonjesha.Ubu buryo bwa Hybrid butuma imbaraga zikoreshwa neza hamwe no kuzigama amafaranga, kuko kuvanaho ubuhehere bwa mbere bibaho hamwe na membrane mbere yuko umwuka ucye ukomeza gukama ukoresheje firigo.

Guhitamo uburyo bwo guhumeka ikirere gikomatanyije biterwa nibintu nkibikenewe bisabwa, umuvuduko utemba, ingufu zingirakamaro, imbogamizi zumwanya, hamwe nibisabwa bikenewe.Nibyingenzi guhitamo neza no kubungabunga uburyo bukwiye bwo kumisha kugirango hamenyekane ubwiza nubwizerwe bwimyuka ihumeka.

Umwuka ucanye usohoka muri compressor de air urimo umwanda mwinshi: at Amazi, harimo igihu cyamazi, imyuka y'amazi, amazi yegeranye;IlAmavuta, harimo amavuta, imyuka y'amavuta;Ibintu bitandukanye bikomeye, nk'icyondo cyangiritse, ifu yicyuma, reberi Amande, uduce duto, ibikoresho byo kuyungurura, ihazabu yibikoresho bifunga kashe, nibindi, hiyongereyeho ibintu bitandukanye byangiza imiti yangiza imiti.

Umwuka uhumeka uva muri compressor de air irimo imyanda myinshi yangiza, umwanda nyamukuru ni uduce twinshi, ubushuhe, namavuta mu kirere.

Amavuta yo gusiga amavuta azakora aside kama kugirango yonone ibikoresho, yangirika reberi, plastike, nibikoresho bifunga, guhagarika umwobo muto, bitera valve gukora nabi, nibicuruzwa bihumanya.

Ubushuhe bwuzuye mu mwuka wugarijwe buzokwinjira mu mazi mu bihe bimwebimwe hanyuma bikusanyirize mu bice bimwebimwe bya sisitemu.Ubu bushuhe bugira ingaruka mbi ku bice no mu miyoboro, bigatuma ibice byimuka bifata cyangwa bikambara, bigatuma ibice byumusonga bidakora neza no guhumeka ikirere;mu turere dukonje, gukonjesha ubushuhe bizatera imiyoboro gukonja cyangwa gucika.

Umwanda nkumukungugu mwumwuka wugarijwe uzambara hejuru yimiterere igenda muri silinderi, moteri yo mu kirere hamwe na reverisiyo ihindura ikirere, bigabanya ubuzima bwa serivisi ya sisitemu.

Ububiko: Byoroshye kubika ingano nini yumuyaga ucanye nkuko bikenewe.

Igishushanyo cyoroshye no kugenzura: Gukora pneumatike ikora ni igishushanyo cyoroshye bityo rero ikwiranye na sisitemu yoroshye igenzurwa.

Guhitamo icyerekezo: Ibice bya pneumatike biroroshye kumenya umurongo ugenda uzunguruka hamwe no kwihuta kwihuta.

Sisitemu yo guhumeka ikirere, kubera ko igiciro cyibikoresho bya pneumatike cyumvikana, igiciro cyibikoresho byose ni gito, kandi ubuzima bwibigize pneumatike ni ndende, bityo ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ni gito.

Kwizerwa: Ibigize pneumatike bifite ubuzima burebure bwo gukora, sisitemu rero ifite kwizerwa cyane.

Guhindura ibidukikije bikabije: Umwuka uhumanye ntugerwaho nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, umukungugu na ruswa ku rugero runini, ibyo bikaba bitagerwaho nubundi buryo.

Ibidukikije bisukuye: Ibice bigize pneumatike bifite isuku, kandi hariho uburyo bwihariye bwo gutunganya ikirere cyangiza ikirere, gifite umwanda muke ku bidukikije.

Umutekano: Ntabwo bizatera umuriro ahantu hateye akaga, kandi niba sisitemu iremerewe, actuator izahagarara cyangwa kunyerera.

Ikimenyetso cy'ikime ni igikoresho gipima ikime cya gaze.Ikime ni ubushyuhe aho umwuka wamazi muri gaze uzahurira mumazi meza.Ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye, harimo:

• Kuma umwuka wugarije: Ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikoreshwa mugukurikirana ikime cyumuyaga uhumanye kugirango umenye neza ko cyumye bihagije kugirango gikoreshwe mubikorwa bikomeye.
• Firigo: Ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikoreshwa mugukurikirana ikime cya firigo kugirango barebe ko byumye bihagije kugirango bikoreshwe muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha.
• Kugenzura ubuhehere: Ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikoreshwa mugukurikirana ikime cyumuyaga kugirango bigabanye urugero rwubushuhe mubikorwa bitandukanye, nko gutunganya ibiribwa no gukora imiti.

Ikwirakwiza ry'ikime ni igikoresho gipima ikime cya gaze kandi kigatanga ibipimo ahantu kure.Ikime cyimyanya ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye, harimo:

• Kwubaka ibyuma byikora: Ikwirakwiza ryikime rikoreshwa mukubaka sisitemu yo gukoresha kugirango ikurikirane ikime cyumuyaga mumazu kugirango igenzure urwego rwubushuhe kandi ikumire.
• Igenzura ryibikorwa: Ikwirakwizwa ryikime rikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo kugenzura inzira kugirango ikurikirane ikime cya gaze mubikorwa byinganda kugirango irebe ko byumye bihagije kugirango bikore neza.
• Gukurikirana ibidukikije: Ikwirakwizwa ry'ikime rikoreshwa mu bikorwa byo gukurikirana ibidukikije hagamijwe gukurikirana ikime cy’ikirere kugira ngo gikurikirane impinduka z’ubushuhe no kumenya ibibazo bishobora kuvuka, nko gukura kw'ibumba.

Itandukaniro nyamukuru riri hagati yikimenyetso cyikime nicyuma gitanga ikime ni uko ikime cyerekana ikime cyohereza ibipimo ahantu kure, mugihe icyuma cyerekana ikime.Ibi bituma ikime cyohereza ikime cyinshi kandi cyingirakamaro mubikorwa aho gupima bigomba kugerwaho kure, nko kubaka automatike na sisitemu yo kugenzura inzira.

Hano hari imbonerahamwe yerekana incamake yingenzi itandukaniro riri hagati yikimenyetso cyikime nogukwirakwiza ikime: