Ubushuhe

Ibyingenzi

1. Gupima ubuhehere:

Ubushuhe bugenewe gupima ubushuhe cyangwa ubwinshi bwamazi yo mu kirere.Mubisanzwe bikorwa binyuze mugukoresha sensor yunvikana nimpinduka zubushuhe.

2. Gupima ubushyuhe:

Ubushyuhe bwinshi nabwo burimo aubushyuhe, ibemerera gupima ubushyuhe hiyongereyeho ubuhehere.Irashobora kuba ingirakamaro mubisabwa aho ubushyuhe nubushuhe bifitanye isano ya hafi, nka sisitemu ya HVAC cyangwa pariki.

3. Kwandika amakuru:

Ubushuhe bwinshi bushobora kwinjira no kubika amakuru mugihe.Irashobora kuba ingirakamaro mu kwandika inzira ndende cyangwa gusesengura amakuru.

4. Erekana:

Ubushuhe bumwe na bumwe burimo kwerekana kwerekana ubuhehere nubushyuhe bwo gusoma mugihe nyacyo.Irashobora kuba ingirakamaro kubyihuse kandi byoroshye udahuza mudasobwa cyangwa ikindi gikoresho.

5. Guhuza:

Ubushuhe bumwe na bumwe bufite uburyo bwo guhuza, nka Bluetooth cyangwa Wi-Fi, ibemerera kohereza amakuru mu buryo butemewe ku gikoresho kiri hafi.Irashobora kuba ingirakamaro mugukurikirana kure cyangwa kwinjiza iperereza muri sisitemu nini.

6. Kuramba:

Ubushuhe bukoreshwa kenshi mubidukikije bikaze, nkibikorwa byinganda cyangwa hanze.Nkigisubizo, akenshi byashizweho kugirango bikorwe kandi biramba, hamwe nibintu nkamazu adashobora guhangana n’amazi cyangwa amazu adashobora kwirinda ikirere.

Ubwoko bwubushuhe bwa Sensor Probe Amazu

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwubushuhe bwa sensor probe amazu, harimo:

1. Amazu ya plastiki

Amashanyarazi ya plastike yubushakashatsi

Amazu ya plastike nubwoko busanzwe bwubushuhe bwa sensor probe amazu.Nibyoroshye, bihendutse, kandi byoroshye gushiraho.Nyamara, amazu ya plastiki ntabwo aramba nkububiko bwibyuma kandi arashobora kwangizwa nubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa imiti ikaze.

2. Amazu y'ibyuma

Ibyuma by'ubushyuhe bwa sensor probe amazu

Inzu y'ibyuma iraramba kuruta amazu ya plastiki kandi irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije n’imiti ikaze.Nyamara, amazu yicyuma ahenze kandi birashobora kugorana kuyashyiraho.

3. Amazu adafite amazi

Amazi adafite amazi ya sensor probe amazu

Amazu adafite amazi yashizweho kugirango arinde ubushyuhe bwimikorere yubushyuhe bwamazi nubushuhe.Bakunze gukoreshwa mubisabwa hanze cyangwa mubisabwa aho hashobora kwangirika kwamazi.

4. Amazu yihariye

Hano hari umubare wihariye wubushuhe bwa sensor probe amazu arahari, nkamazu yo gukoresha ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, amazu yo gusaba umuvuduko muke, hamwe ninzu zo gukoreshwa mubidukikije.

 

Umwihariko wubushuhe bwa sensor probe amazu

Guhitamo ubuhehere bwa sensor probe amazu biterwa nibisabwa nibisabwa umukoresha.

Bimwe mubintu ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo icyuma gikoresha sensor probe amazu arimo:

Kuramba

* Igiciro

* Kuborohereza kwishyiriraho

* Kurinda amazi nubushuhe

* Bikwiranye na porogaramu yihariye

Ibyo Ukwiye Kwitondera Mugihe Ubushuhe Bwihariye 

Iyo OEM / gutunganya ubushakashatsi bwubushuhe, hari ibintu byinshi ugomba gusuzuma:

1. Ibyiyumvo:

Ibyiyumvo byubushyuhe bwingirakamaro ni ngombwa, kuko bigena ubushobozi bwa probe yo gupima impinduka nto mubushuhe neza.

2. Urwego:

Urwego rwiperereza rugomba kuba rukwiranye na porogaramu yihariye, kimwe n’ibidukikije bikora.

3. Ukuri:

Iperereza ryukuri rirakomeye, kuko rigena kwizerwa ryibipimo.

4. Igihe cyo gusubiza:

Igihe cyo gusubiza iperereza kigomba kwihuta bihagije kugirango gikurikirane impinduka zubushuhe mugihe nyacyo.

5. Ingano n'imiterere:

Ingano nuburyo bwa probe bigomba kuba bikwiranye nibisabwa byihariye nibisabwa.

6. Kuramba:

Iperereza rigomba kwihanganira imikorere, harimo ibihe bibi cyangwa bikabije.

7. Guhuza:

Niba iperereza ihujwe na mudasobwa cyangwa ikindi gikoresho, igomba kuba ifite uburyo bukenewe bwo guhuza.

8. Kwandika amakuru:

Niba iperereza rikoreshwa mugushakisha amakuru cyangwa gusesengura, bigomba kuba bifite ibikoresho bikenewe byo kubika no gutunganya.

9. Igiciro:

Igiciro cyiperereza kigomba gusuzumwa, kimwe nigiciro cyose cyo kubungabunga cyangwa gusimbuza.

Ni ngombwa gusuzuma witonze ibyifuzo byihariye bikenewe hanyuma ugahitamo iperereza ryujuje ibisabwa.Nibyiza kandi kugisha inama uwabikoze cyangwa utanga isoko kugirango baganire kumahitamo yihariye kandi urebe ko iperereza ryujuje ibyifuzo byifuzwa.

Kubushuhe bwa Sensor, HENGKO ifite igishushanyo kinini gishingiye kubikorwa bitandukanye, nyamuneka reba nkibi bikurikira.

Hitamo Ibyo Wifuza Gukoresha.

Ibyiza byubushuhe

1. Ibipimo nyabyo:

Ubushuhe bwubushuhe bwashizweho kugirango butange neza kandi bwizewe nubushuhe hamwe nubushuhe.Ibi birashobora kuba ingirakamaro mubikorwa bitandukanye, nko kwemeza neza ubushyuhe buri muri parike cyangwa kugenzura ikirere cyimbere.

2. Biroroshye gukoresha:

Ubushuhe bwubushuhe, hamwe nubugenzuzi bworoshye hamwe ninshuti-nshuti, mubisanzwe biroroshye gukoresha.Irakwiriye kubantu bafite ubumenyi butandukanye bwa tekiniki.

3. Guhindagurika:

Ubushuhe bushobora gukoreshwa ahantu henshi, harimo amazu, biro, ububiko, inganda, hamwe n’ahantu ho hanze.Nibikoresho rero byoroshye kubikorwa bitandukanye.

4. Ingano yuzuye:

Ubushuhe bwubushuhe akenshi ni buto kandi bworoshye, bigatuma byoroshye gutwara no gukoresha ahantu hatandukanye.

5. Ubuzima burebure bwa batiri:

Ubushyuhe bwinshi bufite ubuzima burebure bwa bateri, butuma bukoreshwa mugihe kirekire bidasabye gusimbuza bateri kenshi.

6. Kubungabunga bike:

Ubushuhe bwubushuhe busaba kubungabungwa bike, ntagikeneye kalibrasi isanzwe cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kubungabunga.Bituma bahitamo neza kandi badafite ikibazo cyo gukurikirana ubushuhe n'ubushuhe.

Kuriibidukikije bikazenka aside ikomeye na alkali ikomeye,kwishyiriraho kure yubushyuhe nubushuhe

Gusaba

1. Gukurikirana ikirere cyo mu nzu:

Ubushuhe bw’ubushuhe burashobora gukurikirana urugero rw’ubushuhe mu ngo, mu biro, hamwe n’ahandi hantu h'imbere, kugira ngo umwuka ube mwiza kandi ufite ubuzima bwiza ku bawurimo.

2. Kugenzura sisitemu ya HVAC:

Ubushuhe burashobora gufasha kugenzura urwego rwubushuhe mubushuhe, guhumeka, hamwe nubushuhe (HVAC), kunoza ingufu no guhumurizwa.

3. Gucunga parike:

Ubushuhe burashobora gufasha kugabanya urugero rwubushuhe muri pariki, kuzamura imikurire nubuzima bwibimera.

4. Igenzura ry'inganda:

Ubushuhe burashobora gufasha gukurikirana no kugenzura urwego rwubushuhe mubikorwa byinganda, nko gukora cyangwa gutunganya imiti.

5. Kubika ibiryo:

Ubushuhe burashobora gufasha gukurikirana urugero rwubushuhe mububiko bwibiribwa, kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa bibitswe mubihe byiza.

6. Inzu ndangamurage n’ubugeni:

Ubushuhe burashobora gufasha kugenzura urugero rwubushuhe mungoro ndangamurage nubugeni bwubuhanzi, kubungabunga ibihangano byoroshye nibikorwa byubuhanzi.

7. Ubuhinzi:

Ubushuhe burashobora gukoreshwa mubuhinzi kugirango bufashe kugenzura no kugenzura urwego rwubushuhe mumirima, pariki, nahandi.

8. Kohereza no gutanga ibikoresho:

Ubushuhe burashobora gufasha gukurikirana urugero rwubushuhe mugihe cyo kohereza no kubika, kureba ko ibicuruzwa bitangirika nubushuhe bukabije.

9. Laboratoire:

Ubushuhe burashobora gukoreshwa muri laboratoire kugirango ifashe gukurikirana no kugenzura urwego rw’ubushuhe, kunoza ukuri no kwizerwa kwubushakashatsi.

10. Iteganyagihe:

Ubushuhe burashobora gufasha gupima urugero rwubushuhe bwikirere, bigatanga amakuru yingenzi kubiteganyagihe hamwe nubushakashatsi bwikirere.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo)

1. Nigute Sensor Sensor Ikurikirana Amazu ikora?

Inzu yubushuhe bwimyubakire nuburaro burinda inzu yubushakashatsi.

Irinda iperereza kubintu kandi ikemeza ko ishobora gukora neza mubidukikije bitandukanye.

 

Ubushyuhe bwa sensor probe amazu

Inzu isanzwe ikozwe muri plastiki cyangwa ibyuma kandi ifite ifunguro rito rituma iperereza ryumva ubushyuhe buri mu kirere.

Amazu afite kandi ibintu byinshi bifasha kurinda iperereza ibyangiritse, nk'ikidodo cy’amazi hamwe na filteri

gukumira umukungugu n’imyanda kwinjira mu nzu.

Inyungu zo gukoresha ubushyuhe bwa sensor probe amazu:

* Kurinda iperereza kubintu

* Menya neza ko iperereza rishobora gukora neza mubidukikije bitandukanye

* Yagura ubuzima bwa anketi

* Bituma iperereza ryoroha gushiraho no kubungabunga

Ibiranga sensor sensor ya probe amazu:

* Ikozwe muri plastiki cyangwa icyuma

* Ifungura akantu gato gatuma iperereza ryumva ubuhehere buri mu kirere

* Ifite kashe y'amazi

* Ifite akayunguruzo ko kubuza umukungugu n’imyanda kwinjira mu nzu

Porogaramu yubushyuhe bwa sensor probe amazu:

Sisitemu ya HVAC

Kugenzura ibikorwa byinganda

Ubumenyi bw'ikirere

* Ubuhinzi

* Gukurikirana ibidukikije

2. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ikibazo cy'ubushuhe?

Ikigereranyo cyubushuhe nuburinganire bwurwego rwubushuhe bushobora gupima neza.

Urwego rusanzwe rugaragazwa nkijanisha ryubushyuhe bugereranije (RH), nka 0-100% RH.

Ikigereranyo cyubushuhe buterwa nubwoko bwa probe.Ubushobozi bwa capacitif kandi burwanya ubusanzwe

ufite intera ya 0-100% RH, mugihe ubushakashatsi bwumuriro busanzwe bufite intera ya 0-20% RH.

Ikigereranyo cyubushyuhe nabwo bugira ingaruka kubushyuhe bwo gukora.Ibibazo byateguwe

kugirango ukoreshwe mubushyuhe bwo hejuru mubusanzwe ufite intera ndende kuruta iperereza ryakozwe

kugirango ukoreshwe mubushyuhe buke.

Hano hari imbonerahamwe yuburyo busanzwe bwubwoko butandukanye bwubushuhe:

Urwego nyarwo rwubushuhe buzagaragazwa nuwabikoze.Ni ngombwa gukoresha

iperereza rifite intera ikwiranye na porogaramu.Gukoresha iperereza hamwe-bigufi cyane

urwego ruzavamo ibipimo bidahwitse, mugihe ukoresheje iperereza rifite intera nini cyane

ibisubizo mubiciro bitari ngombwa.

3. Ubushuhe ni ubuhe?

Ubushuhe bwa probe nubushuhe ni urugero ibipimo bipima byemeranya nubushuhe nyabwo bwikirere.Ubusanzwe ubusobanuro bugaragazwa nkijanisha ryubushyuhe bugereranije (RH), nka ± 2% RH.

Ubushuhe bwubushuhe buterwa nubwoko bwa probe, ubushyuhe bwimikorere, nurwego rwubushuhe.Ubushobozi bwa capacitif na anti-probe mubisanzwe birasobanutse neza kuruta ubushyuhe bwumuriro.Ibibazo byateguwe kugirango bikoreshwe ahantu hafite ubushuhe buke mubusanzwe birasobanutse neza kuruta iperereza ryagenewe gukoreshwa mubushuhe bwinshi.

Hano hari imbonerahamwe yuburyo busanzwe bwubwoko butandukanye bwubushuhe:

Ubusobanuro nyabwo bwubushakashatsi buzagaragazwa nuwabikoze.Ni ngombwa gukoresha iperereza rifite ubunyangamugayo bukwiranye no gusaba.Gukoresha iperereza hamwe nukuri-hasi cyane bizavamo ibipimo bidahwitse, mugihe ukoresheje probe ifite ukuri-hejuru cyane bizavamo ikiguzi kidakenewe.

Hano hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushakashatsi bw’ubushuhe:

* Ubwoko bwa probe: Ubushobozi bwa capacitif na anti-probe mubisanzwe birasobanutse neza kuruta ubushyuhe bwumuriro.

* Ubushyuhe bukora: Ibibazo byagenewe gukoreshwa mubushuhe buke mubusanzwe birasobanutse neza kuruta ubushakashatsi bwagenewe gukoreshwa mubushyuhe bwo hejuru.

* Urwego rwubushuhe: Ibibazo byateguwe kugirango bikoreshwe ahantu hafite ubushuhe buke mubusanzwe birasobanutse neza kuruta ubushakashatsi bwagenewe gukoreshwa mubushuhe bwinshi.

* Calibration: Ibibazo bigomba guhindurwa buri gihe kugirango barebe ko bipima neza neza.

* Kwanduza: Ibibazo birashobora kwanduzwa n'umwanda, ivumbi, cyangwa ibindi bihumanya, bishobora kugira ingaruka kubwukuri.

Urebye ibi bintu, urashobora guhitamo ubushakashatsi bwubushyuhe buzaguha ibipimo nyabyo kubyo usaba.

4. Ibibazo by'ubushuhe birashobora guhinduka?

Nibyo, ubushyuhe bwinshi bugenzurwa kugirango butange ibipimo nyabyo kandi byizewe.Calibration ikubiyemo kugereranya ibyasomwe nubushakashatsi buzwi kandi ugahindura ibisohoka kugirango uhuze nibisanzwe.Calibration irashobora gukorwa nuwabikoze cyangwa uyikoresha, bitewe nubushakashatsi bwihariye nubushobozi bwayo.

5. Ni kangahe Ikibazo Cy’ubushuhe gikwiye guhinduka?

Inshuro ya kalibrasi yubushyuhe buterwa nubwoko bwa probe, ibidukikije bikora, hamwe nukuri kwifuzwa.Muri rusange, ubushuhe bugomba guhindurwa byibuze rimwe mu mwaka.Nubwo bimeze bityo, kalibrasi nyinshi irashobora gukenerwa niba iperereza ryakoreshejwe ahantu habi cyangwa niba ari ngombwa kubisabwa.

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe ugomba gusuzuma mugihe cyo kumenya inshuro nyinshi kugirango uhindure ubushakashatsi:

* Ubwoko bwa probe: Ubushobozi bwa capacitif na anti-probe mubisanzwe bisaba kalibrasi inshuro nyinshi kuruta ubushyuhe bwumuriro.

* Ibidukikije bikora: Ibibazo bikoreshwa mubidukikije bikaze, nkubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyangwa ibidukikije byinshi, bigomba guhindurwa kenshi.

* Ibyifuzo byukuri byo gupimwa: Niba uburinganire bwibipimo ari ingenzi kubisabwa, iperereza rigomba guhindurwa kenshi.

* Amateka yubushakashatsi: Niba iperereza rifite amateka yo gutembera cyangwa guhungabana, bigomba guhindurwa kenshi.

Icyifuzo cyo guhitamo intera yubwoko butandukanye bwubushuhe:

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko aya ari amabwiriza rusange.Intera nyayo ya kalibrasi yubushyuhe

birashobora kuba birebire cyangwa bigufi bitewe na porogaramu yihariye.

Bimwe mu bimenyetso byerekana ko ubushyuhe bushobora gukenerwa:

* Ibisomwa bya probe biragenda cyangwa bidahindagurika.
* Ibyasomwe nubushakashatsi ntabwo aribyo.
* Iperereza ryagaragaye ahantu habi.
Iperereza ryangiritse.

Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibyo bimenyetso, birasabwa ko uhindura iperereza vuba bishoboka.Guhindura ibipimo byubushuhe nuburyo bworoshye bushobora gukorwa numutekinisiye ubishoboye.

Mugihe cyo guhinduranya ubushyuhe bwawe buri gihe, urashobora kwemeza ko iguha ibipimo nyabyo.Ibi bizagufasha gufata ibyemezo byuzuye bijyanye no gusaba kwawe.

6. Ibibazo by'ubushuhe birashobora gukoreshwa hanze?

Nibyo, ubushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe bwagenewe gukoreshwa hanze kandi bufite ibikoresho bitarinda amazi cyangwa

ibiranga amazu adafite ikirere.Guhitamo ubuhehere bukwiranye na porogaramu yihariye n'ibidukikije bikora ni ngombwa.

7. Ibibazo by'ubushuhe birashobora guhuzwa na mudasobwa cyangwa ikindi gikoresho?

Nibyo, ubushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe bufite ibikoresho byo guhuza, nka Bluetooth cyangwa Wi-Fi,

ibemerera kohereza amakuru mu buryo butemewe ku gikoresho kiri hafi.Ningirakamaro mugukurikirana kure cyangwa kwinjiza iperereza muri sisitemu nini.

8. Ni ibihe bintu by'ingenzi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kibazo cy'ubushuhe?

* Ubwoko bwa probe:

Ubwoko butandukanye bwubushuhe bugira urwego rutandukanye rwukuri, kandi ubwoko bumwe bwumva neza ibidukikije bimwe nibindi.Kurugero, ubushobozi bwa capacitif na anti-probe mubisanzwe birasobanutse neza kuruta ubushyuhe bwumuriro, ariko kandi byunvikana nubushyuhe nubushyuhe.

* Ubushyuhe bukora:

Ubushuhe bwubushakashatsi burashobora guterwa nubushyuhe bwibidukikije bukoreshwa, kandi ubushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe bwagenewe gukoreshwa mubushuhe bwihariye.Kurugero, iperereza ryagenewe gukoreshwa mubushyuhe bwo hejuru ntibishobora kuba nkukuri mubushyuhe buke.

Urwego rw'ubushuhe:

Ubusobanuro bwubushakashatsi burashobora kandi guterwa nurwego rwubushuhe bwibidukikije bikoreshwa.Kurugero, iperereza ryagenewe gukoreshwa mubushuhe buke ntibishobora kuba nkukuri mubushuhe buhebuje.

Calibration:

Ubushuhe bwubushuhe bugomba guhindurwa buri gihe kugirango barebe ko bapima neza.Calibration ninzira yo kugereranya ibyasomwe nubushakashatsi buzwi, no guhindura ibisubizo bya probe.

* Umwanda:

Ubushuhe burashobora kwanduzwa n'umwanda, ivumbi, cyangwa ibindi bihumanya, bishobora kugira ingaruka kubwukuri.Ni ngombwa guhanagura ubushyuhe buri gihe kugirango wirinde kwanduza.

* Ibyangiritse:

Ubushuhe bushobora kwangizwa no guhungabana kumubiri, kunyeganyega, cyangwa guhura nubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa imiti.Ibyangiritse kuri probe birashobora kugira ingaruka kubwukuri, kandi ni ngombwa gukemura ibibazo witonze kugirango wirinde kwangirika.

* Kwivanga kwa Electromagnetic (EMI):

Ubushuhe bushobora kwanduzwa na EMI bivuye mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki biri hafi.Niba ukoresha ubushakashatsi bwubushuhe mubidukikije hamwe na EMI nyinshi, urashobora gukenera gufata ingamba zo gukingira iperereza kutivanga.

* Ikirere:

Ubushuhe bwubushuhe burashobora gutwarwa numuyaga ukikije probe.Niba iperereza riri ahantu hatuje, ntirishobora gupima neza ubuhehere bwikirere.Ni ngombwa gushyira ibipimo by'ubushuhe ahantu hafite umwuka mwiza kugirango harebwe ibipimo nyabyo.

Umuvuduko wa Barometric:

Ubusobanuro bwubushuhe burashobora guterwa nimpinduka zumuvuduko wa barometric.Niba ukoresha ubushakashatsi bwubushyuhe mukarere gafite umuvuduko wa barometrici, ushobora gukenera gufata ingamba zo kwishyura izo mpinduka.

Ufashe ibi bintu, urashobora guhitamo ubushakashatsi bwubushyuhe buzaguha ibipimo nyabyo kubyo usaba kandi ugafata ingamba zo gukomeza kuba ukuri mugihe runaka.

Hano hari inama zinyongera zo gukoresha neza ubushuhe:

* Shyira iperereza ahantu hazagaragaramo umwuka ushaka gupima.

* Irinde gushyira iperereza hafi yubushyuhe cyangwa ubushuhe.

* Komeza iperereza rifite isuku kandi ridafite umwanda.

* Hindura iperereza buri gihe.

* Kurikirana ibyasomwe hanyuma urebe ibimenyetso byerekana drift cyangwa ihungabana.

Ukurikije izi nama, urashobora kwemeza ko iperereza ryubushyuhe bwawe riguha ibipimo nyabyo ushobora kwishingikiriza.

9. Nigute Nahitamo Ikibazo Cyukuri Cyubushuhe Kubisaba?

Hariho ibintu byinshi ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo ubushakashatsi bwubushyuhe, harimo urwego rusabwa rwukuri, urwego rukora, ubwoko bwa sensor, hamwe nubushobozi bwo guhuza amakuru.Ni ngombwa gusuzuma witonze ibyifuzo byihariye bikenewe hanyuma ugahitamo iperereza ryujuje ibisabwa.

10. Ibibazo by'ubushuhe birashobora gukoreshwa hamwe nubushakashatsi?

Nibyo, ubushakashatsi bwubushuhe burashobora gukoreshwa hamwe nubugenzuzi bwubushuhe, nigikoresho gihita gihindura urwego rwubushuhe bushingiye kubyinjijwe muri probe.Irashobora kuba ingirakamaro kubisabwa aho ari ngombwa gukomeza urwego ruhoraho rwubushuhe, nko muri sisitemu ya HVAC cyangwa pariki.

11. Nigute nsukura kandi nkagumana ikibazo cy'ubushuhe?

Ni ngombwa kugira isuku yubushyuhe kandi neza.

Niba ushishikajwe nubushakashatsi bwacu, ntutindiganye kutwandikira ukoresheje imeri kurika@hengko.comkuri a

amagambo yatanzwecyangwa kugirango umenye byinshi byukuntu bishobora gufasha mubushyuhe n'ubushuhe.Ikipe yacu izabikora

subiza ikibazo cyawe mumasaha 24 hanyuma utange ibitekerezo byihariye nibisubizo.

Twandikire nonaha kugirango utangire!