Ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye kuva mubwubatsi kugeza mubikorwa. Nyamara, abantu benshi bibaza niba ibyuma ari bibi. Muri iki kiganiro, turaganira kubyo porosiyo ari yo, uburyo igira ingaruka ku byuma, kandi tugasubiza ibibazo bimwe bikunze kubazwa kubyerekeye ububobere mu byuma.
Ubwoba ni iki?
Ububabare ni igipimo cyumwanya (pores) mubikoresho. Nibipimo byubunini bwimyanya yubusa nubunini bwibikoresho. Ububabare bugira ingaruka kumubiri nubukanishi bwibikoresho nkubucucike, imbaraga hamwe na permeability.
Hariho Ubwoko butandukanye bwa Porosity, Harimo:
Gufunga Ubusa:Ubusa butajyanye nubuso bwibintu.
Fungura porosity:Ibyuho bihujwe hejuru yikintu.
Binyuze mu bukene:Ubusa bwahujwe hejuru yimiterere yibintu.
Ingero zimwe z'ibikoresho byoroshye ni sponges, impapuro, na furo, mugihe ibikoresho bitarimo ibara birimo ibirahure, ububumbyi, hamwe nibyuma bimwe.
Bisobanura iki?
Porous ni inyito isobanura ibintu bifite ubusa cyangwa imyenge byemerera amazi cyangwa imyuka kunyuramo. Muyandi magambo, bivuga ubushobozi bwibikoresho byo gukuramo cyangwaemerera ibintu kunyuramo. Ibikoresho binini bifite ubuso burebure kandi bikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye nko kuyungurura, kubika no kwinjiza.
Ingero z'ibikoresho binini kandi bitari byiza
1. Ingero Zimwe Zibikoresho Byinshi ni:
sponge
ubutaka
inkwi
Ifuro
Impapuro
amakara
2. Ingero Zimwe Zibikoresho bidafite imbaraga ni:
Ikirahure
ububumbyi
Ibyuma bimwe (nka zahabu, ifeza, na platine)
plastike (bitewe n'ubwoko)
Ububabare mu byuma
Ibyuma birashobora kuba bibi kubera inzira yo gukora cyangwa gukoreshwa. Ibyuma binini birashobora kugira ibintu nko kongera ubuso bwubuso, kongera ubushyuhe bwumuriro n amashanyarazi, hamwe nubushobozi bwo kuyungurura.
Kurugero, ibyuma bidafite ingese birashobora kuba bibi bitewe no gusudira cyangwa gukora ruswa. Aluminiyumu irashobora kandi kuba nziza kubera imiterere ya oxyde cyangwa umwanda mubyuma. Ibyuma birashobora kuba bibi bitewe nuburyo bwo gukora cyangwa guhura nibidukikije byangirika.
Kwipimisha Ububabare mu Byuma
Kugirango umenye icyuma, uburyo butandukanye burashobora gukoreshwa, nka:
Isesengura ry'ibyuma:Ibi birimo gukoresha microscope kugirango isuzume imiterere yicyuma.
Imirasire:Ibi bikubiyemo kwerekana ibyuma kuri X-ray kugirango umenye icyuho cyimbere.
Ikizamini cya Ultrasonic:Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha amajwi menshi yumurongo wumurongo kugirango umenye icyuho cyimbere.
Uburyo bwa gaz pycnometric:Ibi birimo gupima ingano ya gaze yimuwe nibikoresho bikomeye.
Buri buryo bufite ibyiza n'ibibi kandi burashobora guhitamo ukurikije ibisabwa na porogaramu.
Ibyuma Byinshi Byakoreshejwe
Ibyuma binini bikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye mu nganda, harimo:
Imodoka:Ikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gutera ibitoro, gushungura ikirere hamwe na sisitemu yo kuzimya.
Ubuvuzi:Kubitera, gushira amenyo nibikoresho byo kubaga.
Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki:Kubushuhe bwo gushiramo no gukingira amashanyarazi.
Ikirere:Ibigega bya lisansi, guhinduranya ubushyuhe no kuyungurura.
Ubwubatsi:Kubikoresho bya acoustic hamwe no kwambika isura.
Bimwe mubicuruzwa byamamaye byamamaye kumasoko harimo urupapuro rwagutse,
kwagura icyuma cyagutse, kwagura urupapuro rwa aluminiyumu, kwagura urupapuro rwa aluminiyumu, no kwagura ibyuma.
Nigute wakwirinda imyenge mubyuma
Ibibyimba birashobora gukumirwa hafashwe ingamba zikurikira:
Guhitamo neza ibikoresho fatizo hamwe na alloys.
Gutegura neza hejuru yicyuma mbere yo gusudira cyangwa gufatanya.
Gukwirakwiza gusudira cyangwa guhuza tekinike n'ibipimo.
Koresha gaze ikingira cyangwa flux.
Mugabanye guhura nibidukikije byangirika.
Ufashe izo ngamba, gushiraho icyuho mubyuma birashobora kugabanuka, bikavamo ibicuruzwa bikomeye kandi byizewe.
Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga?
Ibyuma bidafite ingese muri rusange ntibifatwa nkibintu byoroshye muburyo bwa gakondo kuko ntabwo byemerera ibintu kunyura byoroshye. Nyamara, ni ngombwa kumenya ko hejuru yicyuma gishobora guhindurwa kugirango kibe cyinshi cyangwa gito, bitewe nuburyo bwihariye bwo kurangiza bwakoreshejwe. Kurugero, hejuru yicyuma gisize cyane ntigishobora kuba cyoroshye kurenza ubuso bwashegeshwe cyangwa bwumusenyi. Na none, niba ibyuma bidafite ingese byangiritse cyangwa byashushanyije, birashobora kwangirika byoroshye kandi birashobora gutuma ibintu byinjira byoroshye.
Ese Aluminium Nini?
Ubusanzwe Aluminium ifatwa nkicyuma cyoroshye kuko gishobora guhita cyinjiza amazi na gaze hejuru yacyo. Ibi biterwa nuko aluminiyumu isanzwe ikora urwego ruto rwa oxyde hejuru yacyo, igakora utwobo duto dushobora kunyuramo. Nyamara, urwego rwo kwinezeza rushobora gutandukana bitewe nibintu nka aliyumu ya aluminiyumu, hejuru yubuso, hamwe nuburyo bwose cyangwa imiti ikoreshwa hejuru. Rimwe na rimwe, aluminiyumu irashobora kugabanuka mubyifuzo binyuze mubikorwa nka anodizing cyangwa gutwikira hamwe na kashe.
Ibyuma birababaje?
Kimwe nicyuma kidafite ingese, ibyuma ntabwo bifatwa nkibintu byoroshye muburyo gakondo. Nyamara, ububobere bwibyuma burashobora guterwa nibintu byinshi, nkubwoko bwihariye bwibyuma, kurangiza hejuru, hamwe nuburyo bwose cyangwa imiti ikoreshwa hejuru. Kurugero, ubwoko bumwebumwe bwibyuma bushobora kuba bufite imiterere ifunguye kandi bikunda kwangirika cyangwa ingese, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma habaho imyenge cyangwa imyenge mugihe runaka. Byongeye kandi, niba ubuso bwibyuma budasukuwe neza cyangwa burinzwe, burashobora guhinduka cyane kandi bworoshye kwangirika cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kwangirika.
Nibihe Bicuruzwa Byamamare Byamamare Kumasoko?
Nibyo, hari ibicuruzwa byinshi bizwi cyane ku isoko. Bimwe mubicuruzwa bikunzwe cyane ni:
5.1 Icyuma gisobekeranye
Ibi ni ibyuma bisize hamwe nubugenzuzi bushobora gukoreshwa mu kuyungurura, gukwirakwiza nibindi bikorwa.
Mubisanzwe bikozwe mubyuma bidafite ingese, titanium cyangwa nikel.
5.2 Umuyoboro w'icyuma
Ibi ni umuyoboro wuzuye hamwe nubugenzuzi bushobora gukoreshwa mu kuyungurura, kugereranya, hamwe nibindi bikorwa.
Mubisanzwe bikozwe mubyuma cyangwa titanium.
5.3 Isahani ya aluminiyumu
Aya ni impapuro ziringaniye za aluminiyumu hamwe nubugenzuzi bushobora gukoreshwa mu kuyungurura, gukwirakwiza nibindi bikorwa.
Zikunze gukoreshwa mu nganda nko mu kirere no mu modoka.
5.4. Isahani ya Aluminiyumu
Aya ni impapuro ziringaniye za aluminiyumu hamwe nubugenzuzi bushobora gukoreshwa mu kuyungurura, gukwirakwiza nibindi bikorwa.
Bikunze gukoreshwa mu nganda nka electronics nibikoresho byubuvuzi.
5.5 Ibyuma byinshi
Nibintu byoroheje byuburyo butatu bukozwe mubyuma bifite ubugenzuzi bugenzurwa.
Zikunze gukoreshwa mu nganda nkingufu, ikirere hamwe n’imodoka zikoreshwa nko guhanahana ubushyuhe,
abahindura catalitike hamwe no gutondeka amajwi.
mu gusoza
Muri make, ibyuma birashobora kuba bibi kubera impamvu zitandukanye nko gutunganya ibyuma, guhura na ruswa
ibidukikije, cyangwa bigenewe gukoreshwa. Ibyuma binini bifite porogaramu nyinshi mubikorwa bitandukanye kandi imitungo irashobora kuba
yazamuye kugirango yuzuze ibisabwa byihariye. Ububabare bw'ibyuma bugomba kugeragezwa kugirango bwizere ubwiza bwabwo. Hamwe nibikwiye
ingamba, porosity mu byuma irashobora kugabanuka, bikavamo ibicuruzwa bikomeye kandi biramba.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-09-2023
