Internet yibintu (IoT) isobanura umuyoboro wibikoresho byubwenge ukoresheje interineti kugirango uzamure ubuzima bwabantu. Kandi ntamuntu numwe uzi ubuhinzi bwubwenge, inganda zubwenge numujyi wubwenge niyaguka rya tekinoroji ya IOT.IoTni ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji zitandukanye. Izi tekinoroji zituma abakoresha bamenya ikintu vuba cyangwa gutangiza inzira yintoki. Inyungu ziva muri IoT zirimo zigaragara hose murugo, mu nganda no mubigo.
Guhinga Ubwengeni igitekerezo kigaragara kivuga gucunga imirima ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryitumanaho n’itumanaho kugirango wongere ubwinshi nubwiza bwibicuruzwa mugihe utezimbere umurimo wabantu usabwa.
Muri tekinoroji iboneka ku bahinzi b'iki gihe harimo:
Sensors: ubutaka, amazi, urumuri, ubushuhe, gucunga ubushyuhe
Porogaramu: ibisubizo byihariye bya software bigamije ubwoko bwimirima yihariye cyangwa Porogaramu agnosticIhuriro rya IoT
Aho biherereye: GPS, Satelite,n'ibindi.
Imashini za robo: Imashini zigenga, ibikoresho byo gutunganya,n'ibindi.
Isesengura ryamakuru: ibisubizo byihariye byo gusesengura ibisubizo, imiyoboro yamakuru kubisubizo byo hasi,n'ibindi.
HENGKO igisubizo cyubuhinzi bwubwenge gishobora gukusanya no gusesengura amakuru yumurima mugihe nyacyo no gukoresha uburyo bwo gutegeka kunoza imikorere, kongera amafaranga, no kugabanya igihombo. Ibikorwa bishingiye kuri IoT nkumuvuduko uhinduka, ubuhinzi bwuzuye, kuhira neza, hamwe na pariki yubwenge bifasha guteza imbere ubuhinzi.HENGKO ibisubizo byubuhinzi byubwengefasha gukemura ibibazo byihariye mubuhinzi, kubaka imirima yubwenge ishingiye kuri IoT, no gutanga umusanzu mubikorwa byumusaruro nubwiza bwumusaruro.
Inganda zubwenge zerekeza ku ikoreshwa ryikoranabuhanga ryamakuru, ikorana buhanga hamwe nikoranabuhanga rya siyansi mu nganda. Ikibanza kinini cyacyo ni ugukoresha isesengura rya tekinoroji ya mudasobwa, gutekereza, guca imanza, gusama no gufata ibyemezo, kumenya ubumenyi bushingiye ku bumenyi no gukora inganda zikoresha inganda. Turashobora kubona ko ama robo atandukanye akoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda kugirango bikemure ibibazo byo kudakora neza, kwibeshya-kwibeshya, nigiciro kinini cyo gukora cyatewe nakazi kamaboko.
Umujyi ufite ubwenge ni anumujyiikoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwuburyo bwa elegitoronike na sensor togukusanya amakuru. Ubushishozi bwungutse muri ibyoamakuruzikoreshwa mu gucunga umutungo, umutungo na serivisi neza; mubisubize, ayo makuru akoreshwa mugutezimbere ibikorwa mumujyi wose. Ibi bikubiyemo amakuru yakusanyijwe mubenegihugu, ibikoresho, inyubako n'umutungo noneho bigatunganywa bigasesengurwa kugirango bikurikirane kandi bicunge sisitemu yo gutwara abantu n'ibintu,amashanyarazi, ibikorwa, imiyoboro itanga amazi,imyanda,gutahura ibyaha,sisitemu yamakuru, amashuri, amasomero, ibitaro, nibindi bikorwa rusange.
Ubuvuzi bwubwenge nigitekerezo. Kwinjiza 5G, kubara ibicu, amakuru manini, AR / VR, ubwenge bwubukorikori nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga hamwe nubuvuzi bwo gukora ubushakashatsi no kwiga byimbitse, menya imikoranire hagati yabarwayi n’abakozi b’ubuvuzi, ibigo by’ubuvuzi, n’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi, hanyuma ugere ku makuru buhoro buhoro.
Ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bijyanye na tekinike ya IOT
Ikibazo: IoT ni iki?
Igisubizo: IoT bisobanura interineti yibintu. Yerekeza ku guhuza ibintu bifatika kuri interineti, bibafasha gukusanya no guhana amakuru. Ibi bituma habaho kwikora no gukora neza mubikorwa nkinganda, ubwikorezi, nubuvuzi.
Ikibazo: Ni izihe ngero zimwe z'ibikoresho bya IoT?
Igisubizo: Ingero z'ibikoresho bya IoT zirimo thermostat zifite ubwenge, abakurikirana imyitozo ngororamubiri, kamera z'umutekano, hamwe na sensor inganda. Ibi bikoresho bikusanya amakuru kandi bigashyikirana nibindi bikoresho cyangwa sisitemu kugirango tunoze imikorere n'imikorere.
Ikibazo: Nigute IoT igira ingaruka kumutekano wa cyber?
Igisubizo: Ibikoresho bya IoT birashobora guteza umutekano muke wa cyber niba bidafite umutekano. Ibikoresho byinshi bya IoT ntibibura umutekano wibanze, bigatuma bashobora kwibasirwa nibindi bitero bya cyber. Byongeye kandi, umubare munini wibikoresho bya IoT mukoresha bivuze ko intege nke imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka kuri miriyoni yibikoresho.
Ikibazo: Nigute amakuru ya IoT yakoreshwa?
Igisubizo: IoT data irashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere imikorere, kumenyesha ibyemezo, no gukora ibicuruzwa na serivisi bishya. Kurugero, sensor yinganda irashobora gukusanya amakuru kumikorere yimashini, zishobora gukoreshwa muguhishurira ibikenewe kubungabunga no kunoza imikorere.
Ikibazo: Ni izihe mbogamizi zijyanye no gukoresha ibikoresho bya IoT?
Igisubizo: Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye zijyanye no kohereza IoT ni ukureba imikoranire hagati yibikoresho na sisitemu. Ibikoresho bitandukanye birashobora gukoresha protocole zitandukanye zitumanaho, bikagorana gushiraho imiyoboro idafite aho ihuriye. Byongeye kandi, umubare wibikoresho byinshi birashobora gutuma bigorana gucunga no kubungabunga umutekano neza.
Ikibazo: Ni ubuhe buryo bugaragara muri IoT?
Igisubizo: Ibigenda bigaragara muri IoT harimo gukoresha ubwenge bwubuhanga hamwe no kwiga imashini kunoza imikorere yibikoresho no kunoza isesengura ryamakuru. Byongeye kandi, iterambere ryimiyoboro ya 5G riteganijwe gutuma habaho guhuza byinshi no kwihuta kohereza amakuru byihuse, bizarushaho kongera ubushobozi bwibikoresho bya IoT.
Ikibazo: Nigute IoT itezimbere imikorere mubikorwa?
Igisubizo: Ibikoresho bya IoT birashobora kunoza imikorere yinganda zitanga amakuru nyayo kubintu bitandukanye mubikorwa byumusaruro, nko gukora imashini, gukoresha ingufu, hamwe nubwiza bwibicuruzwa. Aya makuru arashobora gusesengurwa kugirango hamenyekane ibitagenda neza no kunoza inzira. Kurugero, sensor kumurongo wumurongo urashobora gutahura imikorere yimashini, ikemerera kubungabunga no kugabanya igihe cyateganijwe.
Ikibazo: Ni ibihe bibazo bimwe byerekeye ubuzima bwite bifitanye isano na IoT?
Igisubizo: Ibibazo byibanga bijyana na IoT birimo gukusanya no kubika amakuru yihariye, kimwe nubushobozi bwo kubona ayo makuru atemewe. Kurugero, igikoresho cyo murugo cyubwenge gishobora gukusanya amakuru kumikorere ya buri munsi yumukoresha, ishobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere ibisobanuro birambuye byimico yabo nibyo bakunda. Niba aya makuru aguye mumaboko atariyo, irashobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa bibi nko kwiba indangamuntu.
Ikibazo: Nigute IoT yakoreshwa mubuvuzi?
Igisubizo: Ibikoresho bya IoT birashobora gukoreshwa mubuvuzi mugukurikirana ubuzima bwabarwayi no kunoza ibisubizo byubuvuzi. Kurugero, ibikoresho byambara birashobora gukurikirana ibimenyetso byingenzi kandi bigatanga ibitekerezo-nyabyo kubarwayi ndetse nabashinzwe ubuzima. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byubuvuzi bifasha IoT birashobora gukoreshwa mugukurikirana kure abarwayi no kumenyesha abashinzwe ubuzima kubibazo bishobora kubaho mbere yuko biba bikomeye.
Ikibazo: Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kubara mu rwego rwa IoT?
Igisubizo: Kubara impande zombi bivuga gutunganya amakuru kuruhande rwurusobe, aho kohereza amakuru yose kuri seriveri ikomatanyirijwe gutunganya. Ibi birashobora kunoza ibihe byo gusubiza no kugabanya umuvuduko wumurongo, cyane cyane mubisabwa aho bikenewe gutunganywa. Mu rwego rwa IoT, computing computing irashobora gutuma ibikoresho bitunganya amakuru mugace, bikagabanya gukenera itumanaho rihoraho hamwe na seriveri ikomatanyije.
Ikibazo: Ni uruhe ruhare rwamakuru makuru muri IoT?
Igisubizo: Amakuru manini afite uruhare runini muri IoT mugushoboza kubika, gutunganya, no gusesengura umubare munini wamakuru yatanzwe nibikoresho bya IoT. Aya makuru arashobora gukoreshwa kugirango amenye imiterere n'ibigezweho, kumenyesha ibyemezo, no kunoza imikorere. Mugihe umubare wibikoresho bya IoT ukomeje kwiyongera, akamaro kamakuru makuru mugucunga no kumvikanisha ayo makuru aziyongera gusa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-27-2021
