Meteorology ubushakashatsi bwibikorwa nibintu byikirere byateye imbere bidasanzwe mumyaka yashize. Kuza kwa mudasobwa zidasanzwe, satelite izenguruka isi hamwe nubuhanga bushya bwo kugenzura no gupima, iterambere mu kwerekana amakuru, hamwe nubumenyi bwimbitse bwa fiziki yo mu kirere na chimie byose byagize uruhare runini mubuvumbuzi bwerekeye ikirere nikirere.
Ibyuma byubumenyi bwikirere byadufashije kugirango tubashe guhanura ibihe bizaza neza. Turashoboye kandi gukoresha icyitegererezo cy’ikirere nk'ishingiro ryo guhanura ingamba zo gukemura ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
I. Sensors ya kure yikirere.
Ikintu cyingenzi mugutezimbere siyanse yubumenyi bwikirere ni ukuboneka igisekuru gishya cyibihe byinshi byimikorere yimiterere yimiterere yikirere yagenewe gukoreshwa mu turere twa kure. Ibi bifashisha GPS igezweho, itumanaho rishingiye ku bicu, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ry’izuba kugira ngo biha abahanga amakuru yo mu bwoko butandukanye bwa sensor (ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe, ibyuma byerekana ingufu,Ikime, nibindi) nibikoresho byo gupima, akenshi mugihe nyacyo.
Nubwo ibyuma bitandukanye bikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwikirere, hafi ya byose birasabwa gupima ubushyuhe nubushuhe. Ibipimo by'ubushuhe ni ngombwa cyane cyane niba hagomba gukorwa iteganyagihe nyaryo. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi, aho ubuhehere ari kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mikurire y’ibihingwa, ibyago byo kwandura udukoko, n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Iyo ikoreshejwe ifatanije no gupima ubushuhe bwubutaka, ubushyuhe, n’imiterere y’umuyaga, kugenzura neza ubuhehere bituma abahinzi bamenya igihe cyiza cyo gutera, gukoresha imiti yica udukoko, cyangwa gusarura imyaka. Ifasha kandi kugabanya imyanda, kuzamura umusaruro no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya.
II. Ibisabwa bisaba ibyuma bifata amajwi.
Mubisanzwe, imiterere yikirere irasaba cyane. Ubushyuhe bukabije, umuyaga mwinshi, imvura nyinshi, shelegi, na barafu, wongeyeho ivumbi, umucanga, umunyu, n’imiti y’ubuhinzi byose birasanzwe. Kurugero, rwacuugereranije n'ubushuheKuri ubu Byakoreshejwe Mubihe Bitandukanye byikirere ahantu habi.
Kubwibyo, ibyuma bifata ubushyuhe bigomba kuba byateguwe kugirango bihangane n’ibihe bibi mugihe utanga amakuru yukuri, ahamye, kandi asubirwamo. Ibihe by’ikirere bikunze kuba ahantu hitaruye cyangwa bitagerwaho, nubunini buto, bworoshye, hamwe n’ingufu nke za Hengko-muri-imweubushyuhe n'ubushuheubigire byiza kubwiyi ntego.
Drift irashobora kugira ingaruka kumashanyarazi yose uko ihinduka buhoro buhoro mugihe runaka. Urwego rwa drift ruzaterwa nibintu byinshi, icyingenzi muri byo ni imiterere yimikorere nubwiza bwubwubatsi.
Mumagambo yoroshye, sensor yubushuhe igizwe nibice bitatu hamwe nubushakashatsi bwerekana dielectric yubushyuhe hagati ya electrode ebyiri zashizwemo. Imihindagurikire yubushuhe igira ingaruka ku mbogamizi yibikoresho bya dielectric bityo umuyaga ukanyura muri sensor. Kubera ko dielectric isaba guhura gato nikirere gikikije, imikorere yayo igenda yangirika mugihe, cyane cyane imbere yimiti yangirika.
Hengkoubushyuhe n'ubushuhekoresha igifuniko kabuhariwe kugirango urinde urwego rwa sensor utagize ingaruka ku mikorere ukurikije ukuri, hystereze, kwitabira, no kwizerwa. Iragabanya kandi cyane igihe cyo kumisha nyuma ya kondegene.
Ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa naHengkoinjeniyeri yemeza ko ibibazo bya sensor drift byatsinzwe neza, mugihe ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byateye imbere bitanga sensor yubwenge ihuza, gucunga amakuru, hamwe n’itumanaho ryo hanze. Byoroheje, biremereye, kandi bisaba imbaraga nkeya, ibi bikoresho birakwiriye rwose kubihe bibi byikirere aho bizakomeza kugira uruhare runini mugutezimbere imyumvire yacu yimiterere yimihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-29-2022
