Uko abatuye isi bakomeza kwiyongera, ni ko n'abakenera ibiribwa n'ingufu nabo bagenda biyongera. Ariko, ubuhinzi gakondo ntibuhora burambye kandi bushobora kwangiza ibidukikije. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, havutse ubwoko bushya bw'ubuhinzi buzwi nka agrivoltaic farming, buhuza ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba n'umusaruro w'ibihingwa. Muri iyi blog, tuzasuzuma uburyo ubuhinzi bukomoka ku mirasire bukora, ibyiza byabwo n'imbogamizi zabwo, ndetse n'ubushobozi bwabwo mu gihe kizaza.

Ubuhinzi bw'ubuhinzi ni iki?

Ubuhinzi bushingiye ku buhinzi, buzwi kandi nka agrophotovoltaics cyangwa APV, ni uburyo aho imirasire y'izuba ishyirwa hejuru y'ibihingwa kugira ngo ikore amashanyarazi mu gihe itanga igicucu ku bimera. Iki gitekerezo cyatangijwe bwa mbere mu myaka ya 1980 mu Buyapani, aho ubutaka ari buke kandi buhenze, kandi abahinzi bashakaga uburyo bwo gukoresha ubutaka neza. Kuva icyo gihe, ubuhinzi bushingiye ku buhinzi bwamamaye ku isi yose nk'uburyo burambye kandi bunoze bwo gukora ibiryo n'ingufu.

Sisitemu ya Agrivoltaic ikubiyemo gushyiraho paneli z'izuba ku burebure bukwiye hejuru y'ibihingwa kugira ngo habeho igicucu mu gihe urumuri rw'izuba ruhagije rugera ku bimera. Paneli zikunze gushyirwa ku gitereko gikozwe mu cyuma cyangwa aluminiyumu, kandi sisitemu yagenewe guhindurwa kugira ngo ihuze n'ibice bitandukanye by'imikurire y'ibihingwa. Paneli z'izuba zihujwe na inverter ihindura ingufu za DC zikorwa n'paneli mo ingufu za AC zishobora gukoreshwa mu murima cyangwa zigashyirwa mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi.

Ibyiza byo guhinga mu buhinzi bwa voltaic

Ubuhinzi bw'ingufu butanga inyungu nyinshi, zirimo:

1. Ubwiyongere bw'umusaruro w'ibihingwa

Igicucu gitangwa n'imirasire y'izuba gifasha mu kugena ubushyuhe no kugabanya igihombo cy'amazi binyuze mu guhumeka, ibi bikaba bishobora gutuma umusaruro w'ibihingwa wiyongera. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko sisitemu z'ubuhinzi zishobora kongera umusaruro w'ibihingwa kugeza kuri 60% ugereranije n'uburyo gakondo bwo guhinga.

2. Kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'amazi

Mu kugabanya ibura ry'amazi binyuze mu gushonga kw'amazi, ubuhinzi bushingiye ku buhinzi bushobora gufasha mu kubungabunga umutungo kamere w'amazi. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane mu turere tw'ubutayu aho amazi ari make.

3. Ikiguzi cy'ingufu kiri hasi

Mu kwihangira amashanyarazi, abahinzi bashobora kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi no kugabanya ikiguzi cy’ingufu zabo. Hari ubwo abahinzi bashobora no kubyaza umusaruro amashanyarazi menshi bakayagurisha ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi.

4. Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko wa karuboni

Ubuhinzi bushingiye ku buhinzi bugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere binyuze mu gutanga ingufu zisukuye kandi zishobora kongera gukoreshwa no kugabanya gukenera ibicanwa.

5. Guhindura ubukungu mu buryo butandukanye

Mu gukora ibiribwa n'amashanyarazi, abahinzi bashobora guhindura uburyo bwabo bwo kwinjiza amafaranga no kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku isoko rimwe ry'amafaranga.

Imbogamizi z'ubuhinzi bw'ama-voltaic

Nubwo ubuhinzi bushingiye ku buhinzi butanga inyungu nyinshi, hari n'imbogamizi nyinshi zigomba gukemurwa, zirimo:

1. Amafaranga yo gutangira gushyiraho

Nubwo ubuhinzi bushingiye ku buhinzi bushobora gutanga inyungu zikomeye mu gihe kirekire, ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho amashanyarazi ku ikubitiro gishobora kuba kinini. Ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho imirasire y'izuba n'ibindi bikoresho gishobora kuba imbogamizi ku bahinzi bamwe na bamwe, cyane cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere.

2. Ubutaka buke buboneka

Ubuhinzi bushingiye ku buhinzi busaba ubutaka runaka kugira ngo bugire akamaro, kandi mu turere tumwe na tumwe, ubutaka bushobora kuba buke cyangwa buhenze cyane ku buryo butuma ubuhinzi bushingiye ku buhinzi butera imbere mu bukungu.

3. Ibibazo bya tekiniki ku bijyanye n'imirasire y'izuba

Ibyuma bikoresha imirasire y'izuba bisaba gusukurwa no kubungabungwa buri gihe kugira ngo bikomeze gukora neza. Hari igihe ikirere nk'imvura y'amahindu cyangwa urubura rwinshi bishobora kwangiza ibyuma, bigasaba gusana cyangwa gusimbuza amafaranga menshi.

4. Amakimbirane ashobora kubaho n'andi mabwiriza agenga ubutaka

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ubuhinzi bushingiye ku buhinzi bushobora guhangana n'ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha ubutaka, nko kuragira cyangwa amashyamba. Igenamigambi ryitondewe n'ubufatanye n'abandi bafatanyabikorwa ni ngombwa kugira ngo ubuhinzi bushingiye ku buhinzi butagira amakimbirane.

5. Gukenera ubumenyi bwihariye no kubungabunga

Ubuhinzi bw'ingufu zikomoka ku buhinzi busabaurwego runaka rw'ubuhanga mu bya tekiniki no kubungabunga. Abahinzi bagomba kuba bafite ubumenyi ku buhinzi ndetse no ku mirasire y'izuba kugira ngo bakoreshe kandi babungabunge neza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi aturuka ku buhinzi.

Amahirwe y'ejo hazaza mu buhinzi bw'amavolite

Nubwo hari imbogamizi, ubuhinzi bushingiye ku buhinzi bufite ubushobozi bwo kugira uruhare runini mu buhinzi burambye mu gihe kizaza. Ibyiza byo guhinga hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga biragaragara, kandi uko ikoranabuhanga rikomeza gutera imbere n'ibiciro bikagabanuka, ubuhinzi bushingiye ku buhinzi burimo kuboneka ku bahinzi ku isi yose.

Byongeye kandi, ubuhinzi bushingiye ku buhinzi bushobora guhuzwa n’ibihingwa bitandukanye n’uturere, bigatuma biba igisubizo gishoboka kandi gihuye n’ibyo abaturage bakeneye n’imiterere y’aho batuye. Sisitemu z’ubuhinzi zirashobora gukoreshwa mu guhinga ibihingwa bitandukanye, harimo imboga, imbuto n’ibinyampeke, kandi zishobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa haba mu cyaro no mu mijyi.

Guverinoma n'abashyiraho politiki nabo bashobora kugira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere ishyirwaho ry'ubuhinzi bushingiye ku buhinzi bushingiye ku bimera. Inkunga, inkunga, na gahunda zo gushyigikira bishobora gufasha kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho no kubungabunga no gushishikariza abahinzi benshi gukoresha uburyo bwo guhinga bushingiye ku bimera. Politiki ziteza imbere ubuhinzi burambye, ingufu zisubiramo, no gukusanya karubone nazo zishobora gushyiraho ibidukikije byiza ku buhinzi bushingiye ku bimera.

Gutanga serivisi yo kohereza ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu buhinzi bw'ibikomoka ku buhinzi

Ubuhinzi bushingiye ku buhinzi, buzwi kandi nka agrophotovoltaics, ni uburyo bushya bwo guhinga burambye buhuza umusaruro w'izuba n'umusaruro w'ibihingwa. Ubu buryo bushya butanga inyungu nyinshi, harimo kwiyongera k'umusaruro w'ibihingwa, kugabanuka k'ikoreshwa ry'amazi, no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Kugira ngo umusaruro w'ibihingwa ukure neza kandi ube mwiza, ni ngombwa ko abahinzi bakurikirana ibintu byinshi bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije, harimo ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe. Muri iyi nkuru, turasuzuma ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bitanga ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu buhinzi bushingiye ku buhinzi n'uburyo byafasha abahinzi kunoza umusaruro w'ibihingwa byabo.

1. Akamaro ko kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe

Ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe ni ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi ku bidukikije bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikurire y'ibihingwa no ku buzima bwabyo. Ibimera bifite ibisabwa byihariye by'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bigomba kubahirizwa kugira ngo bikure neza kandi bitange umusaruro mwiza. Iyo ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe biri hejuru cyane cyangwa hasi cyane, ibihingwa bishobora kugira ubushyuhe bwinshi, amapfa, cyangwa indwara, bigatuma umusaruro ugabanuka kandi ubuziranenge bw'ibihingwa bugabanuka.

Mu gukurikirana urwego rw'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu gihe nyacyo, abahinzi bashobora gufata ibyemezo bifatika ku bijyanye no kuhira, guhumeka, n'ibindi bintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije kugira ngo umusaruro w'ibihingwa urusheho kwiyongera. Ariko, gukurikirana ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe n'intoki bishobora gufata igihe kinini kandi bigatwara imbaraga nyinshi, bigatuma bigora abahinzi gukusanya amakuru nyayo kandi ku gihe.

2. Uruhare rw'ibinyabutabire bitanga ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu buhinzi bw'ibikomoka ku buhinzi

Imashini zitanga ubushyuhe n'ubushuheni igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu kugenzura imiterere y'ibidukikije mu buhinzi bushingiye ku buhinzi. Ibi bikoresho bikoresha ibyuma bipima ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu gihe nyacyo no kohereza amakuru mu buryo butaziguye kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura. Ibi bituma abahinzi bashobora gukurikirana imiterere y'ibidukikije mu gihe nyacyo no gufata ibyemezo bifatika ku bijyanye no kuhira, guhumeka, n'ibindi bintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije.

Utwuma dutanga ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe dushobora gushyirwaho mu buryo bwose bwa agrivoltaic, tugatanga uburyo bwo kugenzura ibidukikije mu buryo bwuzuye. Dushobora gushyirwa mu butaka kugira ngo tugenzure ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bw'ubutaka cyangwa tugashyirwa mu kirere kugira ngo tugenzure ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu buvumo cyangwa mu bidukikije.

3. Ibyiza byo kohereza ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu buhinzi bw'ubuhinzi

Gukoresha imashini zitanga ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu buhinzi bw'ingufu zitanga inyungu nyinshi, zirimo:

A: Gukurikirana mu gihe nyacyo

Imashini zitanga ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe zigenzura ibidukikije mu buryo bwihuse, zigaha abahinzi uburenganzira bwo gufata ibyemezo bifatika ku bijyanye no kuhira, guhumeka, n'ibindi bintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije. Ibi bifasha mu kunoza imikurire y'ibihingwa no kubyaza umusaruro mu gihe bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'amazi no kugabanya ikiguzi cy'ingufu.

B: Gukurikirana neza

Utwuma two gupima ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe dukoresha ibikoresho bigezweho byo gupima ibidukikije mu buryo bunonosoye kandi bunoze. Ibi byemeza ko abahinzi babona amakuru nyayo kandi yizewe ashobora gukoreshwa mu gufata ibyemezo bifatika.

C: Kongera ubushobozi bwo gukora neza

Gukoresha imashini zitanga ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bishobora kongera imikorere ya sisitemu z'ubuhinzi mu kugabanya gukenera kugenzura no gukusanya amakuru hakoreshejwe intoki. Ibi bigabanya igihe n'ikiguzi cy'abakozi kandi bigatuma abahinzi bibanda ku bindi bice by'imirimo yabo.

D: Ubwiza bw'ibihingwa bwazamutse

Mu kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe, abahinzi bashobora kunoza ibidukikije kugira ngo bateze imbere imikurire myiza y'ibihingwa n'umusaruro. Ibi bishobora gutuma ibihingwa by'umwimerere bifite uburyohe bwiza, imiterere myiza n'isura nziza.

Igitangaje, hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ubuhinzi mu byiciro. Uyu munsi, turiga kuagrivoltaicubuhinzi. Agrivoltaics, izwi kandi nka agrophotovoltaics (APV), irimo guteza imbere ubuso bumwe bw'ubutaka bukoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza ingufu z'izuba ndetse no mu buhinzi.

Itsinda ry'abahanga mu bya siyansi b'Abafaransa bayobowe na Christophe Dupraz ni bo ba mbere bakoresheje ijambo agrivoltaic. Mu by'ukuri bivuze igihe imirasire y'izuba n'ibihingwa by'ibiribwa bihurijwe hamwe ku butaka bumwe kugira ngo ubutaka bukoreshwe neza. Ni igitekerezo gishobora kuzamura umusaruro w'ibiribwa. Ubushakashatsi bwabo i Montpellier, mu Bufaransa, bwagaragaje ko sisitemu z'ubuhinzi zishobora kuba ingirakamaro cyane: kwiyongera k'umusaruro w'ubutaka ku isi gushobora kuva kuri 35 kugeza kuri 73 ku ijana!

Urusobe rw'amashanyarazi rushobora guhaza ingufu zikenewe mu mazu y'ubuhinzi kugira ngo rugenzure ubushyuhe, kuhira, no gutanga urumuri rw'inyongeramusaruro. Kandi ibikoresho bitanga ingufu ku gisenge ntibizafata ubutaka, cyangwa ngo bihindure imiterere y'ubutaka, bityo bishobora kuzigama umutungo w'ubutaka. Rushobora kandi guhaza ingufu zikenewe mu bihingwa bitandukanye, rushobora guhinga ibikomoka ku buhinzi bw'umwimerere, ingemwe z'agaciro, indabyo n'ibindi bihingwa bifite agaciro kanini, rwongera agaciro k'umusaruro kuri buri gice cy'ubutaka n'agaciro k'ibikomoka ku buhinzi, kandi rukagira inyungu nziza mu bukungu. Ubuhinzi bukoresha ingufu zikomoka ku zuba bukoreshwa cyane mu buhinzi bw'ibihumyo biribwa. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe n'inkunga ikomeye ya politiki y'igihugu, kubaka amazu y'ubuhinzi akomoka ku zuba byatejwe imbere mu turere twose tw'igihugu, kandi icyitegererezo cya "inganda zikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku zuba" cyahinduwe kugira ngo habeho umujyi uranga "ibihumyo biribwa bikomoka ku zuba".

Ibihumyo biribwa ni ibinyabuzima bikunda amazi. Nubwo byamera cyangwa bigakura, cyangwa bigakura, kugira ngo imbuto zimere bisaba ubushuhe runaka n'ubushuhe bw'ikirere. Amazi akenewe kugira ngo ibihumyo biribwa bibe byinshi mu gihe cyo gukura ni menshi cyane, kandi ibihumyo bishobora kubaho gusa iyo ubutaka bufite amazi ahagije. Dushobora kuvuga ko ibihumyo biribwa bitakaza ubushuhe bwabyo bidashobora kubaho. Amazi y'ahantu ho gutubura akunze kubura bitewe no guhumeka cyangwa gusarurwa, bityo amazi akunze gusukurwa bitewe n'uko ibintu bimeze. Ubushuhe buri mu hantu ho gutubura no mu mwuka bushobora gukurikiranwa igihe kirekire hakoreshejwe icyuma gipima ubushyuhe na hygrometer. Amakuru y'ubushuhe ni ayo gupima ubushuhe. Ushobora gukoresha hygrometer cyangwa icyuma gipima ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe gishobora gupima itara ryumye n'iry'amazi.Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe cya HENGKO gifite imikorere myinshini icyuma gipima ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu nganda, gipima ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu buryo bworoshye. Hamwe n'icyuma cyo hanze gipima neza cyane, LCD nini kugira ngo byorohe gupima, amakuru abarwa buri milisegonda 10, kandi ni ingenzi kandi ifite inshingano zo gupima ubushuhe, ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bw'aho amazi anyura, amakuru y'amatara yumye n'atose, ashobora guhaza byoroshye ibikenewe byo gupima ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu bihe bitandukanye.

Ibi bikurikira ni ibisabwa kuri bimwe mu bihumyo biribwa ku bushuhe n'ubushuhe bw'ikirere by'ubuhinzi:

Uretse ibintu bitera ubushuhe, ubushyuhe nabwo bugira uruhare runini mu mikurire y'ibihumyo biribwa. Dukurikije ubushyuhe bwiza busabwa kuri mycelium y'ibihumyo biribwa, bishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu: ubushyuhe buke, ubushyuhe buri hagati n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, bizihutisha imyuka y'ibihumyo biribwa kandi bigira ingaruka ku mikurire y'ibihumyo biribwa. Kubera ko ibintu bitera ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe ari ingenzi cyane ku mikurire y'ibihumyo biribwa, gukurikirana ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi kurusha ibindi. Hari ibintu bitandukanyeicyuma gipima ubushyuhe n'ubushuheibicuruzwa bitandukanye ushobora guhitamo. Dufite itsinda ry’abahanga mu ikoranabuhanga ritanga serivisi na serivisi yihariye ku bushyuhe n’ubushuhe bw’imashini ipima ubushyuhe niba ukeneye byihariye gupima no gupima neza.

Ubuhinzi bushingiye ku buhinzi ni uburyo bushya ku bahinzi bakize bwo kongera imbaraga mu buhinzi bufite intego imwe yoroheje n'ubutaka bumwe bushingiye ku mikoreshereze ibiri bitewe n'ikoranabuhanga. Ubushinwa buhora bushyigikira cyane politiki zo kurwanya ubukene mu buhinzi, buyobora abahinzi mu nzira igana ku bukire binyuze mu buryo butandukanye bwo kurwanya ubukene no guteza imbere iterambere ry'ubuhinzi. Twizera ko ubuhinzi bushingiye ku buhinzi buzaba bwiza mu gihe kizaza!

Umwanzuro

Imashini zitanga ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu gukurikirana ibidukikije mu buhinzi bushingiye ku buhinzi. Zitanga amakuru nyayo kandi nyayo ashobora gukoreshwa mu kunoza imikurire n'umusaruro w'ibihingwa mu gihe bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'amazi n'ikiguzi cy'ingufu. Binyuze mu gukoresha imbaraga z'ikoranabuhanga, abahinzi bashobora gushyiraho uburyo bw'ibiribwa burambye kandi bunoze bugirira akamaro abahinzi ndetse n'ibidukikije.

Ushishikajwe n'ubuhinzi bw'amavoliyesi? Uzi byinshi ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho byo kohereza ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu buhinzi bw'amavoliyesisi,

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