I. Intangiriro
A Akayunguruzoni ubwoko bwa filteri yakozwe no gucumura (gushyushya no gukanda) ifu cyangwa ibice hamwe kugirango bibe ibintu bikomeye bifite imiterere.Akayunguruzo gakoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwa porogaramu, harimo kuyungurura, gutandukana, no kwezwa.Bikozwe mubikoresho bitandukanye nk'ibyuma bidafite ingese, aluminium na bronze.Imiterere yuzuye ituma amazi cyangwa imyuka inyuramo mugihe cyo gufata no gukuraho ibice bidakenewe cyangwa umwanda.Ingano ya pore nogukwirakwiza, kimwe nibintu bifatika, irashobora guhinduka kugirango ihuze na porogaramu yihariye.Akayunguruzo kazwiho kuramba, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, no guhuza imiti, kandi akenshi bikoreshwa mugusaba inganda nubumenyi.
Ariko hariho ibintu bitandukanye byungurujwe byungurujwe kumasoko, nigute dushobora gutandukanya ibintu byiza byungurujwe?
II.Ibisobanuro byicyuma cyungurujwe
HanyumaNiki icyuma cyungurujwe?
Akayunguruzo k'icyuma ni ingenzi mubikorwa byinshi byinganda nubucuruzi, kuva kuyungurura amazi kugeza kweza gaze.Ariko, ntabwo ibyuma byose byayungurujwe byungurujwe bingana.Ni ngombwa gutandukanya ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge byungurujwe byayungurujwe nubuziranenge bwo hasi kugirango tumenye ko bizakora nkuko byari byitezwe kandi bimare igihe kirekire.Muri iyi nyandiko ya blog, tuzaganira kubiranga ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge byungurujwe, uburyo bwo gusuzuma ubuziranenge bwibyuma byungurujwe, nakamaro ko guhitamo filtri nziza.
III. Akamaro ko kumenya ubuziranenge bwo muyunguruzi
I.Ubwa mbere, reka dusobanure icyuma cyungurujwe.
Akayunguruzo k'icyuma kayunguruzo gakozwe muguhuza ifu yicyuma muburyo bwateganijwe hanyuma ukayishyushya ubushyuhe munsi yumwanya wo gushonga.Ubu buryo, bwitwa gucumura, butera ibice byicyuma guhurirana, bigakora igice gikomeye gifite imiterere.Ingano ya pore nububasha bwa filteri irashobora kugenzurwa muguhindura ingano nuburyo imiterere yibice byicyuma hamwe nuburyo bwo gucumura.Imiterere yuzuye ya filteri ituma amazi cyangwa gaze byanyura mugihe ufata ibice udashaka.
II.Ibiranga Byiza-Byiza Byacuzwe Byuma Byungurura
Noneho, reka tuganire kubiranga ubuziranenge bwo hejuru bwacumuye ibyuma.Ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge byungurujwe bigomba kugira ubunini buhoraho kandi buringaniye hamwe nubunini buke.Ibi byemeza ko akayunguruzo gashobora gutega ibice byifuzwa mugihe wemereye amazi cyangwa gaze kunyuramo ntarengwa.Ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge byungurujwe bigomba kandi kugira imbaraga zo gukanika, kwihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi no kurwanya ihinduka.Byongeye kandi, bigomba kuba bihuje imiti, bikarwanya ruswa n’imiti myinshi, kandi bigashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bidatakaje ubunyangamugayo.
A. Imiterere ikomeye:
Ingano ya pore ihamye kandi imwe: Akayunguruzo kayunguruzo gafite ubunini buhoraho kandi buringaniye bwa pore murwego rwose.Iremera kugenzura neza kubyungurura imikorere yibintu.
Umubyimba mwinshi: Imiterere yimiterere yibikoresho byungurujwe byemerera umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nubushobozi bwo gufata umwanda.
B. Imbaraga za mashini:
Kurwanya cyane umuvuduko: Ibintu byungurujwe byungurujwe bifite imbaraga nyinshi zo guhangana nigitutu kandi birashobora kwihanganira itandukaniro ryumuvuduko mwinshi utabanje guhinduka cyangwa kwangirika.
Kurwanya guhindagurika: Ibikoresho byungurujwe bizwiho imbaraga zo gukanika no kuramba, bigatuma bikoreshwa mugukoresha ahantu habi kandi bigashobora kwihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi utabanje guhinduka.
C. Guhuza imiti:
Kurwanya ruswa: Ibintu byungurujwe byungurujwe mubusanzwe bikozwe mubikoresho birwanya ruswa, bigatuma bikoreshwa mugukoresha ibidukikije.
Kurwanya imiti myinshi: Ibikoresho byayungurujwe nabyo bikozwe mubikoresho birwanya imiti myinshi, bigatuma bikoreshwa mu kuyungurura imiti.
D. Kwihanganira ubushyuhe:
Ushobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru: Ibikoresho byungurujwe birashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bitatakaje uburinganire bwimiterere cyangwa gukora neza.
Bashoboye kugumana ubusugire bwimiterere: Ibikoresho byungurujwe birashobora kugumana ubusugire bwimiterere kabone niyo bihura nubushyuhe bwinshi.Bituma bikoreshwa mugukoresha ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nko gushungura itanura.
IV.Uburyo bwo gusuzuma ubuziranenge bwicyuma cyungurura
Uburyo bwinshi burashobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma ubuziranenge bwicyuma cyungurujwe.Uburyo bumwe ni ubugenzuzi bwumubiri, burimo gusuzuma mu buryo bugaragara imiterere yimiterere no gupima ubunini bwa pore.Ubundi buryo ni ugupima imashini, nko kugabanuka k'umuvuduko no guturika imbaraga.Ikizamini cyo guhuza imiti, nko kurwanya ruswa no gupima imiti, birashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugusuzuma ubwiza bwayunguruzo.Hanyuma, gupima ubushyuhe, harimo gupima ubushyuhe bwo hejuru no gupima ubushyuhe bwamagare, birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango umenye neza ko muyunguruzi bizakora neza mubigenewe.
A. Igenzura ry'umubiri:
Isuzuma ryibonekeje ryimiterere: Ubu bwoko bwikizamini burimo kureba ibintu byungurura munsi ya microscope cyangwa ikindi gikoresho cyo gukuza kugirango umenye neza ko imiterere yuzuye idahwitse kandi idafite inenge.
Gupima ubunini bwa pore: Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha ibikoresho kabuhariwe kugirango bipime ubunini bwa pore mubikoresho byo kuyungurura.Aya makuru arashobora gukoreshwa kugirango umenye neza ko akayunguruzo gashobora gukuraho neza ibice byifuzwa mumazi.
B. Kwipimisha Kumashini:
Ikizamini cyo kugabanuka k'umuvuduko: Ubu bwoko bwo gupima bupima umuvuduko ukabije wibikoresho byo muyungurura mubihe bitandukanye, nkibipimo bitandukanye bitemba cyangwa ubwoko butandukanye bwibice mumazi.Aya makuru arashobora gukoreshwa kugirango umenye neza akayunguruzo no kumenya ibibazo byose bishoboka hamwe nayunguruzo.
Igerageza ryimbaraga: Iki kizamini gipima umuvuduko ntarengwa akayunguruzo gashobora kwihanganira mbere yo kunanirwa.
C. Ikizamini cyo guhuza imiti:
Igeragezwa ryo kurwanya ruswa: Ubu bwoko bwikizamini bukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane neza uburyo ibintu byungurura bishobora kurwanya ruswa iyo ihuye nubwoko butandukanye bwimiti.Aya makuru arashobora gukoreshwa kugirango umenye neza ko akayunguruzo gashobora gukora neza mubidukikije.
Ikizamini cyo kurwanya imiti: Iki kizamini gipima akayunguruzo k'ibikoresho byo kurwanya imiti mu kwerekana imiti yihariye no gupima impinduka mu bikoresho byo kuyungurura.
D. Kwipimisha ubushyuhe:
Igeragezwa ryubushyuhe bwo hejuru: Ubu bwoko bwikizamini burimo kwerekana ibintu byungururwa kubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango umenye neza ko bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bushobora guhura nabyo mugukoresha.
Igeragezwa ryamagare yubushyuhe: Ubu bwoko bwikizamini burimo kwerekana inshuro nyinshi ibintu byungururwa kubushyuhe bwo hejuru no hasi kugirango harebwe ko bishobora guhangana nubushyuhe bwumuriro butananiwe.
Ni ngombwa guhitamo icyuma cyiza cyo gucumura ibyuma byungurura kubwimpamvu nyinshi.Ubwa mbere, ubuziranenge bwo muyunguruzi buzakora neza kandi buramba kuruta ubwiza-buke.Ibi bivuze ko bazakenera gusimburwa kenshi no kubitaho, bishobora kubika umwanya namafaranga mugihe kirekire.Muyunguruzi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru nayo ntizishobora kunanirwa, irinda igihe gito kandi ibikoresho byangiritse.Byongeye kandi, ubuziranenge bwo muyunguruzi buzarushaho kurinda ibikoresho nibikorwa bikoreshwa, bishobora kuzamura imikorere muri rusange nibikorwa.
V.Umwanzuro
Mugusoza, icyuma cyungurujwe ni ingenzi mubikorwa byinshi byinganda nubucuruzi.Ni ngombwa gutandukanya ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge byungurujwe byayungurujwe nubuziranenge bwo hasi kugirango tumenye ko bizakora nkuko byari byitezwe kandi bimare igihe kirekire.Ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge byungurujwe bigomba kugira ubunini buhoraho kandi bumwe, ubunini bwinshi, imbaraga za mashini nyinshi, guhuza imiti, no kwihanganira ubushyuhe.Uburyo butandukanye burashobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma ubuziranenge bwicyuma cyungurujwe, harimo kugenzura umubiri, gupima imashini, gupima imiti, hamwe no gupima ubushyuhe.Guhitamo ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge byayungurujwe birashobora kubika igihe n'amafaranga mugihe kirekire kandi bigatezimbere muri rusange no gukora neza mubikorwa.
Urashobora Kugenzura no Guhuza HENGKO muyunguruzi kugirango ubone ibisobanuro, urahawe ikaze kohereza imeri
by ka@hengko.com, twohereze asap mugihe cyamasaha 24-hamwe nibyiza kandi byiza
igisubizo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-17-2023
